Madagascar is in the grip of a political crisis after the country’s military took control of the government following weeks of mass protests and the fleeing of President Andry Rajoelina.
In a dramatic turn of events, the National Assembly impeached Rajoelina after he attempted to dissolve parliament and escape mounting pressure. The elite military unit CAPSAT, which historically holds significant influence in Madagascar, played a central role in the takeover.
Colonel Michael Randrianirina, commander of CAPSAT, declared that the military would dissolve major state institutions—except the National Assembly—and oversee a transitional government for up to two years, culminating in elections and a referendum for a new constitution.
Background: Protests, Mutiny, and Collapse of Civil Authority
The unrest in Madagascar began in late September, led by youth movements frustrated by chronic power outages, water shortages, corruption, and economic inequality. What began as demonstrations escalated when security forces—including CAPSAT—refused to suppress protesters and instead sided with them.
On October 11, CAPSAT openly defied orders and declared control over military forces, signaling the collapse of Rajoelina’s grip on power. The next day, members of the national gendarmerie joined in the mutiny, further weakening the president’s authority.
Amid the chaos, Rajoelina reportedly fled the country—some sources suggest by a French military aircraft—leaving his administration in disarray. His attempt to dissolve parliament from exile was overridden by lawmakers who proceeded with his impeachment.
Who’s in Charge Now — The Interim Regime
Colonel Michael Randrianirina has emerged as the interim head of state, officially confirmed by Madagascar’s High Constitutional Court. His appointment follows CAPSAT’s seizure of the presidential palace and key government institutions.
The military has suspended the constitution and dissolved institutions such as the Senate, constitutional court, electoral commission, and human rights council. Only the National Assembly, which voted to impeach Rajoelina, remains active for now.
The transitional government has promised new elections within two years, alongside a national referendum to adopt a new constitution.
Risks, Reactions, and What Comes Next
Political Risks & Domestic Stability
- The takeover raises concerns about legitimacy, human rights, and the military’s promise to return power to civilians.
- Protests have already turned deadly; reports suggest at least 22 deaths and numerous injuries.
- Many activists and citizens express cautious optimism—but also wariness that the military may overstay its role.
International Reactions
- Foreign governments, including France and the U.S., have called for the restoration of constitutional order and respect for human rights.
- Observers are closely watching for external interference in Madagascar’s delicate transition.
What to Watch
- The framework and fairness of the upcoming referendum and elections
- Whether the military honors its promise to relinquish power
- Humanitarian and economic fallout as instability deepens
- Regional impact: political precedent in Africa’s island states
Madagascar’s latest crisis underscores the fragility of institutions in nations grappling with deep-seated inequality and governance challenges. As the transitional period begins, the world will be watching to see whether the military can genuinely steer the country back to democratic rule—or if this marks yet another prolonged chapter of political uncertainty.
From: https://www.batteryer.sg/blog/2025/10/15/madagascars-military-takes-control-after-president-flees-nation/
